Clinical Manifestations of Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis): A Case Report

Background: Systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma, is a rare chronic autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, vascular dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Clinical presentation is often heterogeneous, with variable cutaneous, musculoskeletal, and visceral involvement. Case Presentation: We report a case of a young female who presented with extensive dermatological and musculoskeletal features indicative of systemic sclerosis. The patient exhibited marked skin tightening and thickening over the face and extremities, resulting in sclerodactyly and microstomia. Additional findings included patchy alopecia, hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation, digital ulcerations, calcinosis over the elbows, and significant nail dystrophy. Oral examination revealed dental crowding and restricted mouth opening. There was no evidence of visceral involvement at the time of evaluation. Conclusion: This case highlights the diverse clinical spectrum of systemic sclerosis, particularly emphasizing cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Comprehensive documentation of such cases enhances clinical understanding and facilitates timely diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings.